| State | 2021-22 | 2022-23 | 2023-24 (P) | Share of 2023-24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odisha | 136.8 | 140.9 | 149.0 | 53.7% |
| Chhattisgarh | 41.3 | 42.5 | 46.0 | 16.6% |
| Karnataka | 40.3 | 39.8 | 41.0 | 14.8% |
| Jharkhand | 24.7 | 23.1 | 22.9 | 8.3% |
| Maharashtra | 2.0 | 6.1 | 10.7 | 3.9% |
| Madhya Pradesh | 7.4 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 2.2% |
| Rajasthan | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 0.6% |
| Andhra Pradesh and Goa | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0% |
| India | 254.1 | 258.3 | 277.3 | 100% |
Source: Indian Bureau of Mines, Indian Minerals Yearbook 2024, Iron Ore, Table 4. (P) is provisional. The state figures sum to the India total in each year. Lumps, fines, calibrated lump ore (CLO) and concentrate are reported separately; CLO appears as its own grade from 2022-23, so a state's lump figure for 2021-22 is not comparable with later years, but the total is.
| State | Apr-Nov 2023 | Apr-Nov 2024 (P) | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odisha | 93.3 | 102.0 | +9.4% |
| Karnataka | 27.5 | 28.8 | +4.5% |
| Chhattisgarh | 25.7 | 26.3 | +2.1% |
| Jharkhand | 15.5 | 11.8 | -23.6% |
| Maharashtra | 8.1 | 8.1 | 0.0% |
| Madhya Pradesh | 4.3 | 4.3 | +1.6% |
| Rajasthan | 1.0 | 0.9 | -16.7% |
| India | 175.5 | 182.6 | +4.0% |
Source: Indian Bureau of Mines, Statistical Summary for Important Minerals (Dec-24). Andhra Pradesh and Goa add 0.4 Mt in 2024. IBM prints 8.09 Mt for Maharashtra in both periods, which may be an error in the source. A full-year 2024-25 state table was not available in the sources read.
| State | 2017-18 | 2020-21 | 2022-23 | 2023-24 | Change since 2017-18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odisha | 17.0 | 21.4 | 23.4 | 25.7 | +52% |
| Jharkhand | 17.1 | 15.5 | 18.2 | 19.3 | +13% |
| Chhattisgarh | 13.0 | 13.2 | 15.9 | 19.1 | +47% |
| Maharashtra | 8.5 | 7.9 | 13.8 | 15.7 | +85% |
| Karnataka | 12.8 | 11.7 | 13.4 | 13.8 | +8% |
| West Bengal | 7.8 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 13.0 | +66% |
| Gujarat | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 10.6 | +28% |
| Andhra Pradesh | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | +10% |
| Punjab | 2.8 | 2.9 | 4.1 | 4.9 | +77% |
| Tamil Nadu | 2.7 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | +35% |
| India | 103.1 | 103.5 | 127.2 | 144.3 | +40% |
Source: Ministry of Steel replies to the Lok Sabha (Q.2329) and Rajya Sabha (Q.311 and Q.629), citing the Joint Plant Committee. Financial years. State figures differ from the India total by up to 2,000 tonnes in some years because of rounding in the source.
| State | Iron ore, Mt | Crude steel, Mt | Tonnes of ore mined per tonne of steel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Odisha | 149.0 | 25.7 | 5.8 |
| Chhattisgarh | 46.0 | 19.1 | 2.4 |
| Karnataka | 41.0 | 13.8 | 3.0 |
| Jharkhand | 22.9 | 19.3 | 1.2 |
| Maharashtra | 10.7 | 15.7 | 0.7 |
| West Bengal | none reported | 13.0 | n/a |
| Gujarat | none reported | 10.6 | n/a |
| Andhra Pradesh | 0.1 | 6.8 | n/a |
Sources: Indian Minerals Yearbook 2024 (iron ore, provisional) and Joint Plant Committee (steel). A state with no ore reported is not listed in IBM's iron ore table. Ore mined in a state is not necessarily used in that state, and plants use imported ore, scrap and pellets as well.
| State | Units | Capacity, Mt | Production, Mt | Utilisation | Oxygen furnace, Mt | Electric arc, Mt | Induction, Mt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odisha | 59 | 29.1 | 25.7 | 88% | 14.4 | 7.8 | 3.5 |
| Jharkhand | 30 | 21.8 | 19.3 | 89% | 16.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 |
| Chhattisgarh | 102 | 26.4 | 19.1 | 72% | 6.2 | 4.2 | 8.7 |
| Maharashtra | 72 | 19.2 | 15.7 | 82% | 4.7 | 6.3 | 4.7 |
| Karnataka | 27 | 14.8 | 13.8 | 93% | 9.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 |
| West Bengal | 63 | 14.8 | 13.0 | 88% | 4.8 | 0.5 | 7.7 |
| India | 1,091 | 179.5 | 144.3 | 80% | 61.6 | 31.6 | 51.1 |
Source: Indian Minerals Yearbook 2024, Table 6, from the Joint Plant Committee's Annual Statistics 2023-24. BOF is the basic oxygen furnace (blast furnace route), EAF the electric arc furnace and IF the induction furnace. Utilisation is production divided by annual capacity, calculated here.
Iron ore: three states mine 85% of it
Odisha mined 149.0 million tonnes of the 277.3 million tonnes produced in 2023-24 (provisional), Chhattisgarh 46.0 and Karnataka 41.0, which together make 85%. Jharkhand mined 22.9 million tonnes and Maharashtra 10.7. Odisha grew from 136.8 million tonnes in 2021-22, while Jharkhand fell from 24.7 to 22.9 and Maharashtra rose from 2.0 to 10.7.
In April to November 2024 national output was 182.6 million tonnes, 4.0% above the same months of 2023. Odisha rose 9.4% to 102.0 million tonnes and Jharkhand fell 23.6% to 11.8 million tonnes. For the full year 2024-25, press reports citing Ministry of Mines data put national output at a record 289 million tonnes, up 4.3%; a state table was not available in the sources read, so none is shown.
Steel: five states make 65% of it, and the growth is uneven
India made 144.3 million tonnes of crude steel in 2023-24, up 40% from 103.1 million tonnes in 2017-18. Odisha made 25.7 million tonnes, Jharkhand 19.3, Chhattisgarh 19.1, Maharashtra 15.7 and Karnataka 13.8. Since 2017-18, Maharashtra grew 85%, West Bengal 66%, Odisha 52% and Chhattisgarh 47%, while Jharkhand grew 13% and Karnataka 8%.
The Ministry of Steel gives Odisha's 2024-25 production as 27.09 million tonnes against capacity of 31.48 million tonnes, and national crude steel production as 152.18 million tonnes in 2024-25, both from the Joint Plant Committee. State-wise 2024-25 tables for other states were not available in the sources read.
Ore and steel do not line up state by state
Odisha mined about 5.8 tonnes of ore for every tonne of crude steel it made, Karnataka 3.0 and Chhattisgarh 2.4, so much of that ore is used elsewhere or exported. Jharkhand mined 1.2 tonnes per tonne of steel, and Maharashtra less than one. West Bengal made 13.0 million tonnes and Gujarat 10.6 million tonnes of crude steel in 2023-24 with no iron ore production reported by IBM, and Andhra Pradesh made 6.8 million tonnes from 0.1 million tonnes of ore.
The data does not show where each tonne of ore goes. For buyers and sellers, the practical point is that the ore-producing state and the steel-producing state are often different, and that freight, the port used and the plant's process route matter as much as where the mine is.
How the steel is made, by route
Nationally 61.6 million tonnes (43%) of 2023-24 crude steel came from basic oxygen furnaces, 31.6 million tonnes (22%) from electric arc furnaces and 51.1 million tonnes (35%) from induction furnaces. Jharkhand and Karnataka are mostly oxygen-furnace steel (83% and 72%), Odisha is 56% oxygen furnace and 30% electric arc, and Chhattisgarh (46%) and West Bengal (59%) rely most on induction furnaces. Capacity utilisation was 80% nationally, from 72% in Chhattisgarh to 93% in Karnataka.
What to check in the data
Iron ore figures are in tonnes of ore as mined and reported to IBM, and the latest year is provisional. Steel figures are crude steel in financial years from the Joint Plant Committee. Different agencies and press reports use calendar years, other definitions or provisional estimates, so figures from other sources will not match exactly. Ore from one state may be reported in another's steel through trade and rail flows that the production tables do not show.
Related
Frequently asked questions
Which state produces the most iron ore in India?
Odisha, with 149.0 million tonnes in 2023-24 (provisional), 54% of India's 277.3 million tonnes, according to the Indian Bureau of Mines.
Which state produces the most steel in India?
Odisha, with 25.7 million tonnes of crude steel in 2023-24 and 27.09 million tonnes in 2024-25, according to the Joint Plant Committee.
How much crude steel does India make?
144.3 million tonnes in 2023-24 and 152.18 million tonnes in 2024-25, according to the Joint Plant Committee as reported by the Ministry of Steel.
Which states make steel without mining iron ore?
West Bengal (13.0 Mt) and Gujarat (10.6 Mt) made over 10 million tonnes each in 2023-24, and IBM reports no iron ore production for either.
Sources
- Indian Bureau of Mines: Indian Minerals Yearbook 2024 (Iron Ore, Iron and Steel)
- Indian Bureau of Mines: Statistical Summary for Important Minerals (Dec-24)
- Ministry of Steel, Rajya Sabha Q.629, 29 November 2024: state-wise crude steel 2021-22 to 2023-24
- Ministry of Steel, Rajya Sabha Q.311, 5 February 2024: state-wise crude steel 2018-19 to 2022-23
- Ministry of Steel, Lok Sabha Q.2329: state-wise crude steel 2017-18 to 2021-22
- Ministry of Steel, Rajya Sabha Q.792, 5 December 2025: Odisha steel capacity and production to 2024-25
- Ministry of Steel: An Overview of Steel Sector (July 2025)
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